{"id":1580,"date":"2026-03-23T11:10:50","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T11:10:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/cn\/cardinality-participation-constraints-erd-explained\/"},"modified":"2026-03-23T11:10:50","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T11:10:50","slug":"cardinality-participation-constraints-erd-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/cn\/cardinality-participation-constraints-erd-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"ERD\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u57fa\u6570\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ea6\u675f\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u793a\u4f8b\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u89c4\u8303\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u8106\u5f31\u3001\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u4f53-\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\uff08ERD\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u57fa\u6570\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6307\u5357\u901a\u8fc7\u73b0\u5b9e\u573a\u666f\u3001\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8003\u91cf\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u7279\u5b9a\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img alt=\"Hand-drawn whiteboard infographic explaining Entity-Relationship Diagram constraints: cardinality types (one-to-one User-Profile, one-to-many Department-Employee, many-to-many Student-Course via junction table) and participation constraints (total\/mandatory with NOT NULL for OrderLine-Order, partial\/optional with NULL allowed for Product-Review), featuring crow's foot notation symbols, real-world database examples, foreign key implementation tips, and common design pitfalls for software developers and data architects\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/erd-cardinality-participation-constraints-whiteboard-infographic.jpg\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\ud83d\udd11 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<code>\u975e\u7a7a<\/code>\u5728\u5916\u952e\u5217\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u8ba2\u5355\u548c\u8ba2\u5355\u660e\u7ec6<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8ba2\u5355\u660e\u7ec6<strong>\u5fc5\u987b<\/strong>\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba2\u5355\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8ba2\u5355\u660e\u7ec6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba2\u5355\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8ba2\u5355\u660e\u7ec6\u8868\u4e2d\u7684<code>order_id<\/code>\u662f\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\ud83d\udccd 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\u73b0\u5b9e\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528<\/h2>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u53c9\u7684\u590d\u6742\u73af\u5883\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u65e5\u540e\u6570\u636e\u635f\u574f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\ud83c\udfe5 \u533b\u7597\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u533b\u751f\u548c\u60a3\u8005<\/h3>\n<p>\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u533b\u9662\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong> \u533b\u751f\uff1a<\/strong> \u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u60a3\u8005\uff1a<\/strong> \u63a5\u53d7\u62a4\u7406\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong> \u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u533b\u751f\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7597\u8bb8\u591a\u60a3\u8005\u3002\uff081:N\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u60a3\u8005\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e0d\u540c\u75c5\u75c7\u770b\u8bb8\u591a\u533b\u751f\u3002\uff08N:1\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u66f4\u6b63\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e3a\u4e86\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5c31\u8bca\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a<code> \u9884\u7ea6<\/code> \u8868\u7684\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong> \u53c2\u4e0e\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong> \u9884\u7ea6\uff1a<\/strong> \u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u533b\u751f\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u53c2\u4e0e\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u9884\u7ea6\uff1a<\/strong> \u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u60a3\u8005\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u53c2\u4e0e\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u533b\u751f\uff1a<\/strong> \u53ef\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u7ea6\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u4e0e\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u4f11\u5047\u65f6\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\ud83d\uded2 \u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u5e73\u53f0\uff1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u5e93\u5b58<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u7ebf\u96f6\u552e\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u5e93\u5b58\u8ffd\u8e2a\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4ea7\u54c1\uff1a<\/strong> \u5f85\u552e\u5546\u54c1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u7ea2\u8272\u8fd0\u52a8\u978b\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4ed3\u5e93\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b9e\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5e93\u5b58\uff1a<\/strong> \u53ef\u7528\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u57fa\u6570\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002\uff081:N\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed3\u5e93\u5b58\u653e\u8bb8\u591a\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\uff08N:1\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u4e0e\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5e93\u5b58\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/strong> \u5fc5\u987b\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u53c2\u4e0e\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5e93\u5b58\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/strong> \u5fc5\u987b\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed3\u5e93\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u53c2\u4e0e\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4ea7\u54c1\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7acb\u5373\u62e5\u6709\u5e93\u5b58\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u4e0e\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9884\u8d2d\u5546\u54c1\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\ud83d\udcda \u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u56fe\u4e66\u4e0e\u4f5c\u8005<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u88ab\u8bef\u89e3\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u56fe\u4e66\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u672c\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e66\u6216ISBN\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f5c\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u57fa\u6570\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\uff08N:1\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u64b0\u5199\u4e00\u672c\u6216\u591a\u672c\u4e66\u3002\uff08N:1\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/strong> \u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong> \u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a <code>Book_Authors<\/code> \u5173\u8054\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5217\uff1a<code>book_id<\/code>, <code>author_id<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u53c2\u4e0e\uff1a\u53cc\u65b9\u5747\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u5fc5\u987b\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\ud83d\udcca \u8868\u4e2d\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u53c2\u8003\u8868\u53ef\u5728\u5efa\u6a21\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u8bc6\u522b\u7ea6\u675f\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7ea6\u675f\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\n<th>\u95ee\u9898<\/th>\n<th>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u73b0<\/th>\n<th>\u793a\u4f8b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>1:1\u57fa\u6570<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u552f\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u5916\u952e + \u552f\u4e00\u7ea6\u675f<\/td>\n<td>\u7528\u6237 \u2194 \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>1:N\u57fa\u6570<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u591a\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\u76f8\u5173\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u5b50\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5916\u952e<\/td>\n<td>\u90e8\u95e8 \u2194 \u5458\u5de5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>M:N\u57fa\u6570<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u53cc\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u4e0e\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u8fde\u63a5\u8868<\/td>\n<td>\u5b66\u751f \u2194 \u8bfe\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5b8c\u5168\u53c2\u4e0e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u8be5\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5426\u5fc5\u9700\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/td>\n<td>\u8ba2\u5355\u884c \u2194 \u8ba2\u5355<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u4e0e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u8be5\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u9009\uff1f<\/td>\n<td>\u5141\u8bb8\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/td>\n<td>\u4ea7\u54c1 \u2194 \u8bc4\u8bba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u26a0\ufe0f \u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9677\u9631<\/h2>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u4e5f\u4f1a\u72af\u9519\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u274c \u5c06M:N\u9519\u8bef\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a1:N<\/h3>\n<p>\u8bd5\u56fe\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u5173\u7cfb\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u91cd\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/strong> \u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a <code>\u8bfe\u7a0bID<\/code>\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a<code>\u5b66\u751f<\/code>\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u5f3a\u5236\u5b66\u751f\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u5176\u4ed6\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u8868\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6ce8\u518c\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u274c \u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u53c2\u4e0e<\/h3>\n<p>\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u8bbe\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a<code>\u7ecf\u7406<\/code>\u8868\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a<code>\u90e8\u95e8ID<\/code>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u90e8\u95e8\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e3a\u65b0\u7ecf\u7406\u529e\u7406\u5165\u804c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u7ecf\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u7a0d\u540e\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u90e8\u95e8\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u521b\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u5141\u8bb8\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u274c \u5ffd\u7565\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u503c\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fde\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u5916\u952e\u5217\u5f88\u5c11\u5e94\u8be5\u5141\u8bb8\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u903b\u8f91\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5916\u952e\u90fd\u5e94\u88ab\u586b\u5145\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7ea6\u675f\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b9a\u4e49\u590d\u5408\u4e3b\u952e\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u91cd\u590d\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u4e24\u4e2aID\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\ud83d\udee0\ufe0f \u5b9e\u65bd\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u903b\u8f91\u6a21\u578b\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u5c31\u4f1a\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\ud83d\udd39 \u5916\u952e\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u7236\u8bb0\u5f55\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u5220\u9664\u65f6\uff0c\u5b50\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u8fd9\u7531\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ea6\u675f\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7ea7\u8054\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u7236\u8bb0\u5f55\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5b50\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5f53\u5b50\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0d\u80fd\u8131\u79bb\u7236\u8bb0\u5f55\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u53c2\u4e0e\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u7236\u8bb0\u5f55\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5b50\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5916\u952e\u5c06\u53d8\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002\u5f53\u5b50\u8bb0\u5f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u4e0e\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>RESTRICT\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u5b50\u9879\uff0c\u5219\u7981\u6b62\u5220\u9664\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\ud83d\udd39 \u7d22\u5f15\u7b56\u7565<\/h3>\n<p>\u7ea6\u675f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5916\u952e\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee5\u52a0\u5feb\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1:N \u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/strong> \u5bf9\u201c\u591a\u201d\u65b9\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5916\u952e\u5217\u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>M:N \u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/strong> \u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5916\u952e\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>1:1 \u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/strong> \u5bf9\u5177\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5916\u952e\u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\ud83d\udd39 \u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h3>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u53cd\u9988\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9632\u6b62\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fdd\u53cd\u53c2\u4e0e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8868\u5355\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u6ca1\u6709\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u5904\u7406\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u4e0e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u521b\u5efa\u4ea7\u54c1\u800c\u4e0d\u7acb\u5373\u5206\u914d\u5e93\u5b58\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\ud83e\udde9 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