{"id":1546,"date":"2026-03-23T08:37:33","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T08:37:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/from-erd-to-schema-bridge\/"},"modified":"2026-03-23T08:37:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T08:37:33","slug":"from-erd-to-schema-bridge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/from-erd-to-schema-bridge\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1eeb ERD \u0111\u1ebfn Schema: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai logic"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 – M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ERD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Schema logic l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, truy xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ERD tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sang schema c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 sang b\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 sang kh\u00f3a, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh sang c\u1ed9t. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tinh t\u1ebf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

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\"Marker-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 – M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ‘c\u00e1i g\u00ec’ thay v\u00ec ‘c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o’. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i quan t\u00e2m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
  • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 T\u00ean, Gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c Ng\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
  • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, schema k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i. Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang t\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 (cardinality).<\/p>\n

    T\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 Tham gia<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ERD l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

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    • M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-m\u1ed9t (1:1):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi duy nh\u1ea5t trong B\u1ea3ng A li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng B.<\/li>\n
    • M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (1:N):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi duy nh\u1ea5t trong B\u1ea3ng A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng B.<\/li>\n
    • Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (M:N):<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng B.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tham gia b\u1ed5 sung l\u00e0m tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c hay t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn? N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, th\u00ec tham gia l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, th\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb null c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t trong schema logic.<\/p>\n

      Schema logic: Tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      Schema logic n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Trong khi ERD l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, schema logic chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. L\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

      Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, schema logic ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

      Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a t\u1eeb ERD sang Schema \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

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      • Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t. Trong ERD, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n. Trong schema, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c PRIMARY KEY.<\/li>\n
      • Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00f4ng qua kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi hai kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1.<\/li>\n
      • Kh\u00f3a t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p trong \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a logic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u00c1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 sang b\u1ea3ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

        Quy tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t B\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft. M\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 sang m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chia t\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed9p b\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

        X\u1eed l\u00fd chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

        Khi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh chung, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/em> th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con nh\u01b0 \u00d4 t\u00f4<\/em> v\u00e0 Xe t\u1ea3i<\/em>.<\/p>\n

        C\u00f3 hai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/p>\n

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        1. K\u1ebf th\u1eeba b\u1ea3ng duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed1i b\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb NULL.<\/li>\n
        2. K\u1ebf th\u1eeba b\u1ea3ng l\u1edbp:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i l\u1edbp con c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi l\u1edbp cha th\u00f4ng qua kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u00c1nh x\u1ea1 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 sang \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9t. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

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          • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong> \u00c1nh x\u1ea1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp sang c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n
          • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t ri\u00eang l\u1ebb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, M\u00e3 b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh).<\/li>\n
          • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t duy nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: S\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i cho m\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng).<\/li>\n
          • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh suy ra:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb Ng\u00e0y sinh). Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, tr\u1eeb khi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

            Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. Khi chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ERD sang s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

            D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF)<\/h3>\n

            M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u1edf d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a 1NF n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed9t n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ee9a danh s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n

            D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai (2NF)<\/h3>\n

            2NF y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng 1NF v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

            D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba (3NF)<\/h3>\n

            3NF y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1<\/em> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o M\u00e3 b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh<\/em>, v\u00e0 M\u00e3 b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh<\/em> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o M\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1<\/em> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

            D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n Boyce-Codd (BCNF)<\/h3>\n

            BCNF l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a 3NF. N\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp con c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/caption>\n
            D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/th>\nTr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            1NF<\/td>\nGi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/td>\nLo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            2NF<\/td>\nPh\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/td>\nLo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            3NF<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u<\/td>\nLo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            BCNF<\/td>\nKh\u00f3a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/td>\nLo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \ud83d\udd12<\/h2>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy v\u1ea5n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD hi\u1ebfm khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf logic.<\/p>\n

            S\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n<\/h3>\n

            S\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh. Ki\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean cho ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sai s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

            Ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u1edd<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa UTC v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng chu\u1ea9n do b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

            R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • KH\u00d4NG R\u1ed6NG:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t lu\u00f4n ch\u1ee9a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n
            • DUY NH\u1ea4T:<\/strong>Ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n
            • KI\u1ec2M TRA:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Tu\u1ed5i > 0).<\/li>\n
            • M\u1eb6C \u0110\u1ecaNH:<\/strong>Cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

              Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, l\u1ed7i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y s\u1edbm s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Qu\u00e1 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong>T\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn truy v\u1ea5n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n
              • Kh\u00f3a y\u1ebfu:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email) l\u00e0m kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lan truy\u1ec1n. Kh\u00f3a gi\u1ea3 (ID t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng) th\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
              • Thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c:<\/strong>C\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
              • Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tham chi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n

                Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra danh s\u00e1ch x\u00e1c minh n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                • T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                • C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                • C\u00f3 c\u1ed9t d\u01b0 th\u1eeba n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Xem x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 logic kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c; n\u00f3 c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. Khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea3i t\u0103ng cao.<\/p>\n

                  Chia t\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n

                  C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo chi\u1ec1u ngang (theo h\u00e0ng) ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc (theo c\u1ed9t). Chia t\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

                  C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n

                  C\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 chia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (sharding) ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf logic \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef c\u00f9ng nhau khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                  T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u2705<\/h2>\n

                  X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9:<\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ERD v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
                  • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Xem c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
                  • Xem x\u00e9t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean:<\/strong>Khi nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo. L\u00ean l\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                  • H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c:<\/strong>Tham gia s\u1edbm c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. Nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 – Li\u00ean k\u1ebft sang S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Logic l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, ch\u1ecdn ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

                    Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung, t\u1ed5…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1547,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"T\u1eeb ERD \u0111\u1ebfn S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai \ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 - Li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[82,85],"class_list":["post-1546","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-erd","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u1eeb ERD \u0111\u1ebfn S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai \ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 - Li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. 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