{"id":1552,"date":"2026-03-23T09:15:17","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T09:15:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/striking-balance-simple-complete-erd-documentation\/"},"modified":"2026-03-23T09:15:17","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T09:15:17","slug":"striking-balance-simple-complete-erd-documentation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/striking-balance-simple-complete-erd-documentation\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh C\u00e2n B\u1eb1ng Ph\u00f9 H\u1ee3p: T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u ERD \u0110\u01a1n Gi\u1ea3n Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ee7"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t. \u1ede trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3-M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ERD. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra ERD kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u00fap l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00edch. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Chalkboard-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u R\u00f5 Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c Hai M\u1eb7t \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00f3 x\u1eed. M\u1ed9t ph\u00eda l\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, m\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. D\u00f9 s\u1ef1 c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng chi ti\u1ebft qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i then ch\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

\u1ede ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia, c\u00f3 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhanh v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng. D\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng null c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecfng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, n\u01a1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

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  • Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/li>\n
  • Thi\u1ebfu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
  • S\u1ef1 C\u00e2n B\u1eb1ng:<\/strong>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong khi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd d\u00e0nh cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ERD Ch\u1eafc Ch\u1eafn \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. ERD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1ee9c tranh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

    1. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 B\u1ea3ng<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c. Trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 t\u00ean b\u1ea3ng, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kinh doanh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i hay m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ea3ng “Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng” mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh doanh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, trong khi b\u1ea3ng “Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang gi\u00fap \u01b0u ti\u00ean n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

    2. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 C\u1ed9t<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1eebng c\u1ed9t ri\u00eang l\u1ebb trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

    3. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Kh\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p. Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi duy nh\u1ea5t, trong khi kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 quan h\u1ec7. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t? M\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u? Nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u? Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n

    4. R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 Quy t\u1eafc<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh th\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tham chi\u1ebfu. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ee7 Trong C\u00e1c M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

    T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ERD \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c Y\u1ebfu T\u1ed1 T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u C\u1ea7n Thi\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ERD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng hay kh\u00f4ng:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Kh\u00f3a Ch\u00ednh:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t. Ghi ch\u00e9p quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
    • Kh\u00f3a Ngo\u1ea1i:<\/strong>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ng\u1ea7m.<\/li>\n
    • Ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: VARCHAR, INT, DATE) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n
    • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ed7ng:<\/strong>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng hay ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n
    • S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p.<\/li>\n
    • Quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh:<\/strong>Ghi ch\u00fa b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 logic n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hy sinh chi ti\u1ebft \ud83e\uddf9<\/h2>\n

      S\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u1eb1m \u1edf th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u00f4ng tin; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin sao cho d\u1ec5 truy c\u1eadp khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm che gi\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

      Ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

      Khi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1eebng b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: nh\u00f3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh, trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

      T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

      T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea5m cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fa th\u00edch. Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m kh\u1ecfi logic.<\/p>\n

      T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u theo l\u1edbp<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn. T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. L\u1edbp kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m:<\/strong>T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kinh doanh c\u1ea5p cao. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hay ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
      2. L\u1edbp logic:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
      3. L\u1edbp v\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/strong>Bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan xem x\u00e9t logic kinh doanh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o c\u00fa ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

        Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n

        ERD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 theo th\u1eddi gian, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung cho \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hay \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean b\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

        Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c h\u1eadu t\u1ed1 chu\u1ea9n cho b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean b\u1ea3ng cha. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy v\u1ebft m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Ghi ch\u00fa c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ERD.<\/p>\n

        Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i. Bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u0169ng n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: B\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p, \u0110ang xem x\u00e9t, \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn).<\/p>\n

        T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft cho t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kinh doanh, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh ch\u00fang \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc b\u1eaby khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

        1. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. H\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ph\u00ecnh to s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169.H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> Duy tr\u00ec theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00f3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1eeb khi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

        2. Thi\u1ebfu b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o khi t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng vi ph\u1ea1m logic kinh doanh.H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> X\u00e1c minh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kinh doanh. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

        3. B\u1ecf qua hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm truy v\u1ea5n.H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> Ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

        4. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

        S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 Crow\u2019s Foot ho\u1eb7c Chen v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

        M\u1ed9t khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft th\u00fac. C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3<\/h3>\n

        L\u00ean l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng sau c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh l\u1edbn. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed7i qu\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

        Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h3>\n

        Khi m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1eebng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. N\u1ebfu m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

        L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u0169<\/h3>\n

        Gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00f4i khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a. Vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i m\u1eaft trong giao di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

        Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u2705<\/h2>\n

        Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD, h\u00e3y \u0111i qua danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ea1t\/Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Kh\u00f3a<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u0110\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00f3ng to qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00f3 s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

        K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

        T\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eeba \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qua th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb l\u1edbp, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

        H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. H\u00e3y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung b\u00ecnh n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1553,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"T\u00ecm s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3-M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[82,85],"class_list":["post-1552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-erd","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00ecm s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3-M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. 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