{"id":1556,"date":"2026-03-23T09:32:18","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T09:32:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/future-proof-it-infrastructure-strategic-architecture-planning\/"},"modified":"2026-03-23T09:32:18","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T09:32:18","slug":"future-proof-it-infrastructure-strategic-architecture-planning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/future-proof-it-infrastructure-strategic-architecture-planning\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn TOGAF: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng CNTT th\u00f4ng qua l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Infographic<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng t\u0129nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ngh\u1ebdn t\u1eafc v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m. \u0110\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khung tham chi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 TOGAF (Khung ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c M\u1edf), cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu theo th\u1eddi gian. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng CNTT kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1p. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edch t\u1ee5\u201cn\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u201d<\/strong>\u2014m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
  • Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
  • N\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ngay t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thay v\u00ec b\u1ed5 sung sau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t suy ngh\u0129 ph\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
  • Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo nhu c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khung tham chi\u1ebfu, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp thay v\u00ec \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p hay xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 khung TOGAF trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n

    TOGAF l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khung tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Doanh nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac th\u00f4ng tin. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh doanh c\u1ea5p cao, nh\u01b0ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng CNTT l\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Khung n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac (ADM), \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

    Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a TOGAF n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o raC\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac (ABBs)<\/strong> v\u00e0 C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p (SBBs)<\/strong>. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a khung tham chi\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
    • Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kinh doanh:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/li>\n
    • Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
    • Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

      V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac (ADM) \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

      ADM l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a khung TOGAF. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng CNTT, vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1ch t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n A: T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kinh doanh. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi then ch\u1ed1t bao g\u1ed3m: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111au hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng b\u00ean li\u00ean quan ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ai? M\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n B: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Kinh doanh<\/h3>\n

      Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 kinh doanh. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n C: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Th\u00f4ng tin<\/h3>\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n D: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/h3>\n

      \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n C.<\/p>\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n E: C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/h3>\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 hay mua ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n F: L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h3>\n

      Khi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Bao g\u1ed3m l\u00ean l\u1ecbch, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n G: Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

      Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, ki\u1ec3m tra tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n H: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Thay \u0111\u1ed5i Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n

      C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac theo th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ADM c\u1ee7a TOGAF v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng<\/strong><\/caption>\n
      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/th>\nV\u00f9ng t\u1eadp trung<\/th>\nK\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      A<\/td>\nT\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn<\/td>\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Ph\u1ea1m vi Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      B<\/td>\nKinh doanh<\/td>\nB\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 Giao di\u1ec7n \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      D<\/td>\nC\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/td>\nKi\u1ebfn tr\u00fac M\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      E<\/td>\nC\u01a1 h\u1ed9i<\/td>\nL\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch R\u1ee7i ro<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      F<\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\nB\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      G<\/td>\nQu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb<\/td>\nTu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      H<\/td>\nThay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\nQuy tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      C\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ADM cung c\u1ea5p quy tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

      1. T\u00ednh module v\u00e0 T\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \ud83e\udde9<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng module \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp giao ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n chu\u1ea9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. T\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u01a1n tru, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

      2. B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt theo Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \ud83d\udd12<\/h3>\n

      B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ed5 sung. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd danh t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng (zero-trust), n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hay thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

      3. T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i \u2699\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng qua m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

      4. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t \ud83d\udcc8<\/h3>\n

      C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t cho ph\u00e9p t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khi nhu c\u1ea7u cao \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 thu nh\u1ecf trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00edt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

      5. To\u00e0n v\u1eb9n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca<\/h3>\n

      D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

      X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 \ud83c\udf10<\/h2>\n

      M\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng CNTT. M\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cao v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n sao d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/li>\n
      • Chia t\u00e1ch:<\/strong>Chia m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng gi\u00fap gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
      • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n
      • T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Khi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

        Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh lai \u2601\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch sang \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn lai th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • V\u1ecb tr\u00ed tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o n\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o n\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/li>\n
        • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chi ph\u00ed:<\/strong>Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
        • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
        • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i:<\/strong>T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p di chuy\u1ec3n. V\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh sai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

          Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

          L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac sau khi tri\u1ec3n khai. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

          Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Xem x\u00e9t Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac (ARB):<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          • M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
          • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
          • X\u00e1c minh s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, h\u00e3y theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c:<\/strong>Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m th\u1eddi gian h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
            • Th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i trung b\u00ecnh (MTTR):<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
            • T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n
            • T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong>Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \ud83d\udeab<\/h2>\n

              Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, sai l\u1ea7m v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • B\u1ecf qua ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng:<\/strong>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u00e0nh cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
              • Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c:<\/strong>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p so v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f4i khi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
              • Thi\u1ebfu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ho\u1eb7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
              • S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong>Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
              • T\u01b0 duy ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n:<\/strong>\u01afu ti\u00ean ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                T\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

                B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n bi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111ang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p:<\/strong>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                • Ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi:<\/strong>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
                • \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
                • C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c:<\/strong> Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \ud83c\udf31<\/h2>\n

                  X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng CNTT b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c khung tham chi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 TOGAF, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng linh ho\u1ea1t, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

                  H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 t\u00ednh module, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                  Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai mang l\u1ea1i. V\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

                  Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n
                    \n
                  • B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
                  • Tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c khung c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 TOGAF ADM \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
                  • Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n
                  • \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n
                  • Tham gia c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 kinh doanh v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o CNTT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1557,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng CNTT kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng CNTT kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 TOGAF. 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