{"id":1562,"date":"2026-03-23T10:12:52","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T10:12:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/erd-notation-styles-compared\/"},"modified":"2026-03-23T10:12:52","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T10:12:52","slug":"erd-notation-styles-compared","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/erd-notation-styles-compared\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c Phong C\u00e1ch Ghi Ch\u00fa ERD So S\u00e1nh: Ch\u1ecdn Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Tr\u1ef1c Quan Ph\u00f9 H\u1ee3p Cho D\u1ef1 \u00c1n C\u1ee7a B\u1ea1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng tr\u1ef1c quan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tr\u1ef1c quan kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn phong c\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00fa ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00fa ERD ch\u00ednh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa Chen, Crow\u2019s Foot, UML v\u00e0 IDEF1X, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Chalkboard-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83e\uddf1 Hi\u1ec3u R\u00f5 C\u00e1c Kh\u1ed1i X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ghi ch\u00fa. D\u00f9 phong c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n
  • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh elip ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea b\u00ean trong h\u1ed9p th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 M\u00e3 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, T\u00ean ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Email.<\/li>\n
  • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh thoi. Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u0111\u1eb7t<\/em>m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
  • S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (m\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-m\u1ed9t, m\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u, nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u).<\/li>\n
  • S\u1ef1 tham gia:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c hay t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00fa. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd70\ufe0f Ghi ch\u00fa Chen: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n

    T\u00ean g\u1ecdi theo Peter Chen, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1976, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00fa ERD ban \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh c\u1ea5p cao thay v\u00ec tri\u1ec3n khai c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>V\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a t\u00ean th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
    • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>V\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh thoi n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. T\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh thoi.<\/li>\n
    • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>V\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh elip \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n
    • S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong>Ghi nh\u00e3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh thoi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u01afu v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>\n
          \n
        • R\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
        • R\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 logic.<\/li>\n
        • R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t logic m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>\n
            \n
          • C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n
          • Kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n cho vi\u1ec7c sinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
          • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai trong SQL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Chen \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh thoi gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7) n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb (th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3).<\/p>\n

            \ud83e\uddb6 K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Crow\u2019s Foot: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n

            Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Gordon Everest d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a William Kent v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gordon Everest v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Crow\u2019s Foot l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ‘chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i Chen sang Crow\u2019s Foot’ trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

            \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong> H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt (th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea b\u00ean trong).<\/li>\n
            • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh thoi.<\/li>\n
            • C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u cardinality:<\/strong> C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/li>\n
                \n
              • \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n:<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n
              • K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Crow\u2019s Foot (ba nh\u00e1nh):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n
              • Thanh \u0111\u1ee9ng (|):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 tham gia b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n
              • H\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n (O):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 tham gia t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u01afu v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n
                  \n
                • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>\n
                    \n
                  • Tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
                  • G\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n
                  • \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
                  • H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u1eadt l\u00fd chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                  • Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>\n
                      \n
                    • C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean.<\/li>\n
                    • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u00e2n chim).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u00e2n chim l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u SQL. V\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

                      \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp UML: C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n

                      Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 cho l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp UML th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                      \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n
                        \n
                      • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng L\u1edbp. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt chia th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n: T\u00ean l\u1edbp, Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Thao t\u00e1c (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c).<\/li>\n
                      • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                      • S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong>Vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 0..1, 1..*, 0..*) \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
                      • M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb:<\/strong>C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 + (c\u00f4ng khai), \u2013 (ri\u00eang t\u01b0), ho\u1eb7c # (b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \u01afu v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n
                          \n
                        • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>\n
                            \n
                          • T\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
                          • T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khung h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
                          • Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                          • Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>\n
                              \n
                            • Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
                            • Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c), \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML khi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thay v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

                              \ud83d\udcdc IDEF1X: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n

                              \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin (IDEF1X) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Hoa K\u1ef3. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

                              \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n
                                \n
                              • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                              • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
                              • Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
                              • R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i con v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                \u01afu v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n
                                  \n
                                • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>\n
                                    \n
                                  • R\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
                                  • X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n
                                  • Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                  • Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>\n
                                      \n
                                    • \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
                                    • Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      \ud83d\udcca So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

                                      \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea3ng sau t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                      T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Chen<\/th>\nCh\u00e2n chim<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp UML<\/th>\nIDEF1X<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                                      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/td>\nThi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/td>\nK\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/td>\nT\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                      K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u00ecnh thoi<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng + k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i<\/td>\nD\u00f2ng + M\u0169i t\u00ean<\/td>\nD\u00f2ng + K\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                      Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb Cardinality<\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u00e3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00fat (Ch\u00e2n qu\u1ea1)<\/td>\nS\u1ed1 (0..1)<\/td>\nK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00fat nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                      \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn Cao<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                      \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh<\/td>\nDBAs, Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/td>\nKi\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/td>\nKi\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                      \ud83e\udd14 C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n

                                      Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9. N\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qua v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau:<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      • Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Chen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9i g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 backend, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Ch\u00e2n qu\u1ea1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
                                      • Lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 (SQL) t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Ch\u00e2n qu\u1ea1. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng NoSQL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n UML.<\/li>\n
                                      • Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Chen \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai. C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Ch\u00e2n qu\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c IDEF1X \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n
                                      • Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 IDEF1X.<\/li>\n
                                      • C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o SQL t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n qu\u1ea1 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Chen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f C\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h2>\n

                                        M\u1ed9t khi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i trong l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh sau:<\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        • Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u00edt cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d).<\/li>\n
                                        • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>Ghi ch\u00fa r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh trong m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                                        • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 tham gia:<\/strong>Ghi ch\u00fa r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c so v\u1edbi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i cho bi\u1ebft tham gia t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, trong khi thanh g\u1ea1ch cho bi\u1ebft tham gia b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n
                                        • Xem x\u00e9t t\u00ednh cardinality:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e2n chim ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh. M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng hay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng?<\/li>\n
                                        • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Duy tr\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                          \u26a0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

                                          Ngay c\u1ea3 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang, l\u1ed7i v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra. H\u00e3y c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn sau:<\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          • Theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn n\u01a1i A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn B, B li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn C, v\u00e0 C quay l\u1ea1i A m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n
                                          • Tr\u1ed9n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Chen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n chim trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
                                          • B\u1ecf qua kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng null:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 null hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                                          • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u1eebng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o sau.<\/li>\n
                                          • Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ng\u1ea7m:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u00e3y th\u00eam ch\u00fa th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                            \ud83d\ude80 Ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n

                                            Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ERD cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch \u201ct\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\u201d duy nh\u1ea5t. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Chen mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho logic kinh doanh. Ch\u00e2n chim mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. UML n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. IDEF1X \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

                                            B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng phong c\u00e1ch, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00edt hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m h\u01a1n, l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u00e0 giao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u01a1n tru h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

                                            H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, t\u1eeb b\u00ean li\u00ean quan x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n SQL.<\/p>\n

                                            \ud83d\udcdd Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h3>\n
                                              \n
                                            • \u2705 \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
                                            • \u2705 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m so v\u1edbi Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf).<\/li>\n
                                            • \u2705 Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
                                            • \u2705 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n.<\/li>\n
                                            • \u2705 Bao g\u1ed3m ch\u00fa th\u00edch cho c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n
                                            • \u2705 Xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                              Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c quan ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                              Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1563,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ERD: Chen so v\u1edbi Crow's Foot \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ERD nh\u01b0 Chen, Crow's Foot v\u00e0 UML. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c quan ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1n.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[82,85],"class_list":["post-1562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-erd","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"yoast_head":"\nSo s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ERD: Chen so v\u1edbi Crow's Foot \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ERD nh\u01b0 Chen, Crow's Foot v\u00e0 UML. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c quan ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1n.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/erd-notation-styles-compared\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ERD: Chen so v\u1edbi Crow's Foot \ud83d\udcca\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ERD nh\u01b0 Chen, Crow's Foot v\u00e0 UML. 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