Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/strong>c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?\u201d<\/em>thay v\u00ec\u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nC\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (Actors):<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng que.<\/li>\nTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (Use Cases):<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh elip.<\/li>\nBi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bao quanh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\nM\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nC\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n
\nInclude (Bao g\u1ed3m):<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lu\u00f4n bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201c\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n bao g\u1ed3m tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thanh to\u00e1n\u201d.<\/li>\nExtend (M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng):<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201cThanh to\u00e1n\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201c\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1\u201d n\u1ebfu m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\nGeneralization (T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a):<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t \u201cTh\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Thanh to\u00e1n\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u201cTh\u00e0nh vi\u00ean\u201d) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nKhi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y<\/h3>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/strong>. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan h\u00ecnh dung ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho:<\/p>\n\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n Truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nHi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7nlu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/strong> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:\u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/em> N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic, lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\nC\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n\nC\u00e1c n\u00fat Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\nLu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\nC\u00e1c n\u00fat Chia v\u00e0 G\u1ed9p:<\/strong> C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 x\u1eed l\u00fd song song ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\nC\u00e1c n\u00fat Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng t\u00e1ch ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00f3\/Kh\u00f4ng).<\/li>\nC\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i:<\/strong> C\u00e1c d\u1ea3i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m ngang t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ai ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 Logic<\/h3>\n Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1ed1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o logic. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a:<\/p>\n
\nLogic \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n S\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn x\u1eed l\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nKhi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y<\/h3>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1nthi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh.<\/li>\n L\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nSo s\u00e1nh song song \ud83d\udccb<\/h2>\n \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n
\n\nT\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/strong><\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n\nTr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/td>\n Lu\u1ed3ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi logic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/td>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nG\u00f3c nh\u00ecn<\/strong><\/td>\nB\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (H\u1ed9p \u0111en)<\/td>\n B\u00ean trong (H\u1ed9p tr\u1eafng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nC\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, H\u00ecnh elip, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n N\u00fat, M\u0169i t\u00ean, H\u00ecnh thoi, N\u00fat chia nh\u00e1nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nGiai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi<\/strong><\/td>\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/td>\n Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n Trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nT\u00ednh song song<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/td>\n \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi Fork\/Join<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\nB\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \ud83d\uded2<\/h2>\n \u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd theo d\u00f5i k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n “\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng” b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb:<\/p>\n
\nM\u1ed9t T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n<\/strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 “Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng”.<\/li>\nM\u1ed9t Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 “\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng”.<\/li>\nC\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng “\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng” bao g\u1ed3m<\/strong>“\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp” v\u00e0 “Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n”.<\/li>\nM\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1cTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>cho “Duy\u1ec7t danh m\u1ee5c”.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi qua API hay bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu web; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n
G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho “\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng”, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n
\nN\u00fat B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o “Thanh to\u00e1n”.<\/li>\nN\u00fat Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp ch\u01b0a? N\u1ebfu Kh\u00f4ng, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn “\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp”. N\u1ebfu C\u00f3, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\nHo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c trong gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\nN\u00fat Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Kh\u00f4ng, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. N\u1ebfu C\u00f3, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\nN\u00fat Chia nh\u00e1nh:<\/strong>Chia lu\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00e1nh song song: m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn “C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt Kho h\u00e0ng” v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn “X\u1eed l\u00fd Thanh to\u00e1n”.<\/li>\nN\u00fat G\u1ed9p:<\/strong> Ch\u1edd cho c\u1ea3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt kho h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\nN\u00fat cu\u1ed1i:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng logic, x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc b\u1eaby l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n logic<\/h3>\n M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh thoi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 50 n\u00fat, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch. Chia c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng con ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (swimlanes) \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vai tr\u00f2, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u201cJohn Doe\u201d; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 ai ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
T\u00edch h\u1ee3p: Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nhau; ch\u00fang b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n\nB\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea5p cao. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>Xem l\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u logic \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/li>\nT\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\nTinh ch\u1ec9nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u1eabn logic. N\u00f3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \ud83c\udfc6<\/h2>\n \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau:<\/p>\n
1. Duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n\u201d trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n\u201d trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 truy v\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
2. Gi\u1eef t\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c quan<\/h3>\n C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i m\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ghi ch\u00fa ho\u1eb7c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn thay v\u00ec vi\u1ebft b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng lu\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n
3. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n H\u1ecfi ai s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
4. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. C\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i qua c\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea1m vi. C\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 \u0111i qua c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi. C\u00e1c v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a UML chu\u1ea9n cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Xem x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n \u0110\u00f4i khi, h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201c\u0110ang ch\u1edd\u201d sang \u201c\u0110\u00e3 giao\u201d r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u0110\u00e3 giao th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\u201d), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1<\/h3>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. Khi lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n
T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \ud83d\udcc8<\/h2>\n Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n
\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong Agile \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sprint v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong sprint \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/li>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Waterfall:<\/strong>C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\nHi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169:<\/strong> Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u logic hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nK\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u2705<\/h2>\n Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 do s\u1edf th\u00edch; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh logic, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kia. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn logic c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi hay tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1622,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng so v\u1edbi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong UML \ud83c\udd9a","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a UML v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[82,90],"class_list":["post-1621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-use-case-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\n
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