{"id":1651,"date":"2026-03-27T21:27:54","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T21:27:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/use-case-diagram-basics-component-analysis\/"},"modified":"2026-03-27T21:27:54","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T21:27:54","slug":"use-case-diagram-basics-component-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/use-case-diagram-basics-component-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch minh h\u1ecda ‘ai’ v\u00e0 ‘c\u00e1i g\u00ec’, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o ‘c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c’ th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1eebng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

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\"Sketch-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83c\udfaf S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t (UML). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u0129nh nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp hay c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ai t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng?<\/li>\n
  • Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n?<\/li>\n
  • Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

    \ud83e\udde9 C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u1ecdi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \ud83d\udc64<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 do m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
    • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ph\u1ee5:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ch\u00ednh. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
    • H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> \u0110\u00f4i khi, m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n trong m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1ng que. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

      2. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \ud83c\udfac<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t hay m\u1ed9t c\u00fa nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0o n\u00fat, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n:<\/strong>V\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh elip.<\/li>\n
      • Nh\u00e3n:<\/strong>N\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ‘\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb + Danh t\u1eeb’ (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ‘\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng’ ho\u1eb7c ‘T\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o’).<\/li>\n
      • Ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong>Ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u logic b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, th\u00ec n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. Ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83e\uddf1<\/h3>\n

        Ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
        • N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          4. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

          \ud83d\udd17 Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h2>\n

          C\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh logic c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u sai nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/th>\nK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n<\/td>\nGiao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Bao g\u1ed3m<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t + <<bao g\u1ed3m>><\/td>\nH\u00e0nh vi b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf lu\u00f4n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m.<\/td>\n\u201c\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong \u201cThanh to\u00e1n\u201d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t + <<m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng>><\/td>\nH\u00e0nh vi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam h\u00e0nh vi trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/td>\n\u201c\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1\u201d m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u201cThanh to\u00e1n\u201d n\u1ebfu m\u00e3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n + Tam gi\u00e1c r\u1ed7ng<\/td>\nK\u1ebf th\u1eeba. M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con k\u1ebf th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh vi t\u1eeb t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cha.<\/td>\n\u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng VIP\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

          \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ng\u1ee5 \u00fd lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; n\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi que v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh elip.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Bao g\u1ed3m<\/h3>\n

          M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cBao g\u1ed3m\u201d tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng A bao g\u1ed3m Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng B, th\u00ec Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Bph\u1ea3i<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed7i khi Use Case A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. C\u1ea3 hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u201cM\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00e1ch\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cGia h\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c\u201d. Thay v\u00ec v\u1ebd \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c\u201d b\u00ean trong c\u1ea3 hai h\u00ecnh elip, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t use case \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c\u201d duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea3 hai v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Include.<\/li>\n
          • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu logic x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Extend<\/h3>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c bao g\u1ed3m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. Use case m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea1y khi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>Trong m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, \u201cThanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u201d l\u00e0 use case c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. \u201cThanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng\u201d m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng use case n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
            • K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Extend th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111i k\u00e8m. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a (K\u1ebf th\u1eeba)<\/h3>\n

              M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a ch\u00fang t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch khi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (Actor):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u201cNh\u00e2n vi\u00ean\u201d. N\u1ebfu \u201cNh\u00e2n vi\u00ean\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cDuy\u1ec7t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u\u201d, th\u00ec \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd\u201d c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u201cT\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.\u201d<\/li>\n
              • T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a use case:<\/strong> \u201cTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thanh to\u00e1n\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t use case t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. \u201cThanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec3n kho\u1ea3n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cThanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng s\u00e9c\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a use case t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \ud83d\udcdd Vi\u1ebft m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 use case hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n

                M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. M\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh elip tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 logic ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                M\u1ed7i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 use case n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n sau:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • ID use case:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: UC-001) \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i.<\/li>\n
                • T\u00ean:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, s\u00fac t\u00edch.<\/li>\n
                • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> Ai kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y?<\/li>\n
                • \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi use case n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u? (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp.\u201d)<\/li>\n
                • \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1eadu k\u1ef3:<\/strong> Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sau khi use case n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.\u201d)<\/li>\n
                • Lu\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac\u201d n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb.<\/li>\n
                • Lu\u1ed3ng thay th\u1ebf:<\/strong> C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i?<\/li>\n
                • Lu\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7:<\/strong> X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e1n xem \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed7i. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                  \ud83d\udee0 C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

                  Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau.<\/p>\n

                  1. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

                  Kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. \u201cNh\u1ea5n n\u00fat G\u1eedi\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u201cG\u1eedi \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d m\u1edbi l\u00e0. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao.<\/p>\n

                  2. Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

                  Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu hai t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed9p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u1ed9p chung n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

                  3. Tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

                  M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chia nh\u1ecf n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chi ti\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/p>\n

                  4. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

                  \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng \u201c\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb + Danh t\u1eeb\u201d cho m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n sang \u201cDanh t\u1eeb + \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb\u201d cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan di chuy\u1ec3n qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

                  5. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n

                  M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi n\u00f3. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh sai v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua.<\/p>\n

                  \ud83d\udeab Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

                  Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u1eaby ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh vi:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d hay \u201cS\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u201d nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng; \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
                  • Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf b\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh elip. Gi\u1eef s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110\u01b0a chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
                  • Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
                  • Thi\u1ebfu ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>Lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n
                  • Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa Include v\u00e0 Extend:<\/strong> Nh\u1edb quy t\u1eafc tham kh\u1ea3o: Include l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. Extend l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n (Include) hay ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u00f4i khi (Extend).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \ud83d\udd04 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n

                    Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 t\u0129nh. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u0169 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Coi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong> Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Khi c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn x\u1ea3y ra, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00fa nh\u1eadt k\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
                    • Xem x\u00e9t Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c:<\/strong> Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sprint ho\u1eb7c tinh ch\u1ec9nh danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                    • Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \ud83d\udcc8 T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi C\u00e1c M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

                      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng cao thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t khi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                      • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
                      • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp:<\/strong> C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

                        \ud83c\udf93 T\u00f3m t\u1eaft Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m Ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n

                        Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 Include v\u00e0 Extend, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

                        H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chung, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

                        T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Gi\u1eef s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. \u01afu ti\u00ean s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                        Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n & H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. H\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng UML.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[82,90],"class_list":["post-1651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-use-case-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nC\u01a1 b\u1ea3n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n & H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. 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