{"id":1770,"date":"2026-03-25T04:25:39","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T04:25:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/quick-start-guide-reading-entity-relationship-diagrams\/"},"modified":"2026-03-25T04:25:39","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T04:25:39","slug":"quick-start-guide-reading-entity-relationship-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/quick-start-guide-reading-entity-relationship-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ERD: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nhanh: \u0110\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3-M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Khi b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3-M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ERD) s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c qua c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

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\"Chibi-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

T\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u ERD l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ebfm khi t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, hay qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

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  • T\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
  • T\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i (join paths) gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi truy v\u1ea5n.<\/li>\n
  • Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chung gi\u00fap l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
  • B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n chia nh\u1ecf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

    1. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh quan h\u1ec7, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

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    • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
    • D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a t\u00ean th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1ecbnh danh ch\u00ednh:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \ud83d\udcdd<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong h\u1ed9p th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, trong khi c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:<\/strong>Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea1ch ch\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi.<\/li>\n
      • Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
      • Ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1ea7m theo ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng, s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean, chu\u1ed7i).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fang cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • H\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
        • R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c hay t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n
        • Cardinality:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

          C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. Hai phong c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Crow\u2019s Foot v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Chen. Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft phong c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

          So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Crow\u2019s Foot<\/th>\nK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Chen<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t k\u00e8m bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh thoi n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Cardinality<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: h\u00ecnh ch\u00e2n chim)<\/td>\nC\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/strong><\/td>\nG\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/td>\nR\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          Khi xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh thoi, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang xem k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Chen. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng ba nh\u00e1nh, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang xem k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Crow\u2019s Foot. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t logic nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

          Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 Cardinality v\u00e0 T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

          Cardinality l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD. N\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u sai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i logic trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Cardinality ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n
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          • M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-m\u1ed9t (1:1):<\/strong>M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng B.<\/li>\n
          • M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (1:N):<\/strong>M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng B.<\/li>\n
          • Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (M:N):<\/strong>C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng B, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng (T\u00ednh t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn)<\/h3>\n

            T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c hay t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t thanh d\u1ecdc (|) ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n (o) tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            H\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n (o)<\/td>\nT\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/em>c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Thanh d\u1ecdc (|)<\/td>\nB\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n
          • M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i<\/em>c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

            Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo quy tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

            B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 g\u1ed1c \ud83c\udf33<\/h3>\n

            B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n trung t\u00e2m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh doanh ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
            • Ghi ch\u00fa c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
            • X\u00e1c minh xem ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \ud83d\udd0d<\/h3>\n

              Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 sang th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1eebng nh\u1ea3y c\u00f3c. H\u00e3y theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u0110\u1ecdc c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
              • Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u cardinality \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
              • X\u00e1c minh xem c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u2696\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

                Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • C\u00f3 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                • C\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                • C\u00f3 kh\u00f3a k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a) kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: X\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n \u2705<\/h3>\n

                  \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh logic.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 con c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 cha \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                  • C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                  • M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 3NF) kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    C\u00e1c m\u1eabu m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                    M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u1eaft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                    1. M\u1eabu ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n

                    C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y. M\u1ed9t cha k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u con, nh\u1eefng con n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1eabu n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y danh m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong> Cha \u2192 Con \u2192 Ch\u00e1u.<\/li>\n
                    • Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<\/strong>Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n
                    • C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p s\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      2. M\u1eabu sao<\/h3>\n

                      Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trung t\u00e2m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n
                      • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/li>\n
                      • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        3. M\u1eabu B\u1ea3ng Giao nhau<\/h3>\n

                        B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0110a. Hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng trung gian.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong>B\u1ea3ng A \u2194 Giao nhau \u2194 B\u1ea3ng B.<\/li>\n
                        • Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
                        • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean tham gia nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc; m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n

                          M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111i k\u00e8m. Khi b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • T\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>D\u00f9ng danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u00edt cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/em>kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3iNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/em>). D\u00f9ng camelCase ho\u1eb7c snake_case nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n
                          • Ch\u00fa th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u1ebfu k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
                          • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                          • D\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/strong>Bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
                          • Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m so v\u1edbi V\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m (quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh) v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd (ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \ud83d\udd27<\/h2>\n

                            Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin thi\u1ebfu. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                            Thi\u1ebfu c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n

                            N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i, h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2. X\u00e1c minh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                            Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

                            N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, th\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. H\u00e3y \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

                            C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i<\/h3>\n

                            C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a sai. H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hay kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                            Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u00e2ng cao \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

                            Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e2ng cao n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                            1. K\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 si\u00eau lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n

                            M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tam gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra t\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/em> l\u00e0 si\u00eau lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Xe h\u01a1i<\/em> v\u00e0 Xe \u0111\u1ea1p<\/em>).<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh chung:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb cha.<\/li>\n
                            • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang cho con.<\/li>\n
                            • Tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a chung.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              2. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec7 quy<\/h3>\n

                              M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
                              • Tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i quay l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh h\u1ed9p \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                3. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 y\u1ebfu<\/h3>\n

                                Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cha. Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb cha.<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • Tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt k\u00e9p.<\/li>\n
                                • H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3:<\/strong> X\u00f3a cha s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00f3a con.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83d\udcc4<\/h2>\n

                                  Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 – m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qua th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh t\u1eebng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia nh\u1ecf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft logic v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                                  H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang n\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Khi b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, h\u00e3y coi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi.<\/p>\n

                                  V\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn, hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean theo sau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                  Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Khi b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1771,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nhanh: C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 - m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 - m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ERD). Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, t\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[82,85],"class_list":["post-1770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-erd","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"yoast_head":"\nB\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nhanh: C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 - m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 - m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ERD). 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