{"id":1846,"date":"2026-04-13T14:24:07","date_gmt":"2026-04-13T14:24:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/uml-package-diagram-guide-for-new-developers\/"},"modified":"2026-04-13T14:24:07","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T14:24:07","slug":"uml-package-diagram-guide-for-new-developers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/uml-package-diagram-guide-for-new-developers\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi & C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00e0o. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft script sang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y l\u00e0S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML<\/strong>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 1: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau g\u1ed3m l\u1edbp, giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

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  • G\u00f3i:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
  • Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong> L\u1edbp, giao di\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang b\u00ean trong.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eeb t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 2: T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i? \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1t\u1ea1i sao<\/em>th\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbil\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em>. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ef1 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ef1c quan, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n t\u1ec7p tin. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
    • Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao.<\/li>\n
    • T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong> Khi t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i n\u00e0o s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng n\u1ebfu di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
    • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n khi h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u nhanh b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 3: C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n

      Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u. C\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u UML chu\u1ea9n gi\u00fap c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th>\nBi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      G\u00f3i<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t container nh\u00f3m<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tab \u1edf tr\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/td>\nM\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n n\u1ed1i hai g\u00f3i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Nh\u1eadp<\/td>\nT\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n <<import>><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Truy c\u1eadp<\/td>\nTruy c\u1eadp kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n <<access>><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 4: C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu G\u00f3i A thay \u0111\u1ed5i, G\u00f3i B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i logic.<\/p>\n

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      • M\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> G\u00f3i A s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong G\u00f3i B.<\/li>\n
      • M\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o:<\/strong> G\u00f3i A t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong G\u00f3i B.<\/li>\n
      • M\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t:<\/strong> G\u00f3i A l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a G\u00f3i B.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Khi v\u1ebd nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111ang b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. \u0110u\u00f4i m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 5: C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83d\udcc2<\/h2>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng; vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1t<\/em> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac theo l\u1edbp:<\/strong> Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c g\u00f3i theo c\u00e1c l\u1edbp k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, Logic kinh doanh, Truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u).<\/li>\n
        • S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo nh\u00f3m logic:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng chia nh\u1ecf ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan. Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m mi\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/li>\n
        • Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng” trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i, \u0111\u1eebng d\u00f9ng “Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng” trong g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n
        • T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u00e9o:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. H\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo.<\/li>\n
        • Gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 6: Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u274c<\/h2>\n

          Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y s\u1edbm s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

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          • Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong> T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i cho m\u1ecdi m\u00f4-\u0111un nh\u1ecf. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang khi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi.<\/li>\n
          • B\u1ecf qua t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng khai hay ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
          • Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p:<\/strong> G\u00f3i A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o B, v\u00e0 B ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o A. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
          • Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong> K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p logic c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi logic giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i vi ph\u1ea1m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n
          • Ch\u1ec9 t\u0129nh:<\/strong> Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 7: \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp? \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp chi ti\u1ebft n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp duy nh\u1ea5t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\nC\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Chi ti\u1ebft<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p (ch\u1ec9 t\u00ean)<\/td>\nCao (thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh & ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac & T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/td>\nH\u00e0nh vi & D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn<\/td>\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t module c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

            C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 8: Khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i? \ud83d\udcc5<\/h2>\n

            Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00f3m:<\/strong> Khi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
            • K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong> Khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ec7p v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
            • T\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> Khi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/li>\n
            • T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 9: C\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c g\u00f3i l\u1ed3ng nhau? \ud83d\udce6\ud83d\udce6<\/h2>\n

              \u0110\u00f4i khi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed3ng g\u00f3i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic:<\/strong> T\u1ea1o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i con d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh n\u0103ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: “Thanh to\u00e1n” b\u00ean trong “H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n”).<\/li>\n
              • B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/strong> \u00c1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp sang c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
              • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb:<\/strong> C\u00e1c g\u00f3i l\u1ed3ng nhau cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i di chuy\u1ec3n qua ba c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

                C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 10: C\u00f2n giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec sao? \ud83d\udca1<\/h2>\n

                C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u00ean trong ranh gi\u1edbi g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
                • T\u00e1ch r\u1eddi:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao di\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u00f3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Khi v\u1ebd, h\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p (b\u00e1n) hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (mua) b\u1edfi g\u00f3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

                  C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 11: B\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                  Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n
                  • T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u00fa th\u00edch trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
                  • Xem x\u00e9t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong>Bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong quy tr\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00e9o (pull request) cho c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n
                  • Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3:<\/strong>L\u00ean l\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ef1c quan kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 12: B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng? \ud83d\uddc4\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng (c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n).<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong>Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng theo khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n
                    • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c g\u00f3i.<\/li>\n
                    • T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t:<\/strong>Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c g\u00f3i logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u1edbp l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

                      C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 13: Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                      Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • H\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n
                      • Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/li>\n
                      • Chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang che gi\u1ea5u logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong g\u00f3i.<\/li>\n
                      • \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                        C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 14: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c g\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3? \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                        Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u. T\u00ean g\u00f3i n\u00ean t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Danh t\u1eeb:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng”, “\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng”, “B\u00e1o c\u00e1o”).<\/li>\n
                        • Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 cho c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: “Auth” cho x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c).<\/li>\n
                        • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u00edt (ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo n\u00f3).<\/li>\n
                        • R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong ng\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 15: C\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng? \ud83d\udcdc<\/h2>\n

                          C\u00f3, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OMG) \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t (UML). S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong b\u1ea3n specification UML 2.0. Vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi UML \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
                          • Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng chung cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
                          • H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5:<\/strong> H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tu\u00e2n theo c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi tham gia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

                            Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

                            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00fap l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khung \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

                            B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. V\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. Xem x\u00e9t ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Theo th\u1eddi gian, th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                            H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00e0o. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft script sang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1847,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u1ecfi & \u0110\u00e1p: Nh\u1eefng C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi H\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea7u V\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 G\u00f3i UML Cho C\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n \ud83d\udce6","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"B\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[82,93],"class_list":["post-1846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-package-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nH\u1ecfi & \u0110\u00e1p: Nh\u1eefng C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi H\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea7u V\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 G\u00f3i UML Cho C\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n \ud83d\udce6<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML? 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