{"id":1868,"date":"2026-04-11T14:54:48","date_gmt":"2026-04-11T14:54:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/uml-package-diagram-mistakes-correction\/"},"modified":"2026-04-11T14:54:48","modified_gmt":"2026-04-11T14:54:48","slug":"uml-package-diagram-mistakes-correction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/uml-package-diagram-mistakes-correction\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u sai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o giao ti\u1ebfp. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa logic tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 G\u00f3i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u00f9 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u1ea9n v\u00e0 n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gia t\u0103ng. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sai ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

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\"Kawaii-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83d\udce6<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp, giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i thu nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb khung x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho:<\/p>\n

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  • Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a ranh gi\u1edbi m\u00f4-\u0111un:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con kh\u00e1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
  • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
  • Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m:<\/strong>Cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhau.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi tham gia v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh module c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u00e9m, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

    L\u1ed7i 1: \u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \ud83d\udccf<\/h2>\n

    L\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fang gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u00edt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: C\u00e1c g\u00f3i qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn<\/h3>\n

    Khi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ‘G\u00f3i Th\u1ea7n’ ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a chung chung. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 h\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u1eb1m c\u00f9ng nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean “Core<\/strong>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a logic c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00e3 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y vi ph\u1ea1m Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Li\u00ean k\u1ebft cao:<\/strong>S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
    • Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u00e3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm kim trong \u0111\u1ed1ng c\u1ecf.<\/li>\n
    • Ch\u1ed7 ngh\u1ebdn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 g\u00f3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: C\u00e1c g\u00f3i qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf<\/h3>\n

      Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf cho t\u1eebng l\u1edbp hay h\u00e0m ri\u00eang l\u1ebb d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh. D\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra chi ph\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

      H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n
      • Nh\u1eadp qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c:<\/strong>C\u00e1c t\u1ec7p ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh nh\u1eadp, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
      • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec:<\/strong>Di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a g\u00f3i thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 t\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa: T\u00ednh g\u1eafn k\u1ebft logic<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cao v\u00e0\u8026\u5408 th\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t g\u00f3i n\u00ean ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. H\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n: \u201cN\u1ebfu t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong g\u00f3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng?\u201d N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, th\u00ec g\u00f3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        L\u1ed7i 2: V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

        V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng x\u1ea3y ra khi G\u00f3i A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i B, v\u00e0 G\u00f3i B ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i A. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng k\u00edn. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

        Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ebd nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ee7i ro, h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c module kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

        V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u00f4i khi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ef1 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy hi\u1ec3m. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 k\u00e9o theo m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00ecnh to v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm.<\/p>\n

        S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa: \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n

        S\u1eeda s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00ean ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5p cao xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u:<\/strong>G\u00f3i A tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn G\u00f3i B, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
        • C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c g\u00f3i n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
        • C\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1:<\/strong>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung gian \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          L\u1ed7i 3: B\u1ecf qua t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp \ud83d\udeab<\/h2>\n

          M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0, ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, coi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n

          V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: L\u00e0m m\u1edd ranh gi\u1edbi<\/h3>\n

          Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 API c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y ho\u1eb7c vi ph\u1ea1m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

          S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i: C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n

          S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u UML chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong g\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • C\u00f4ng khai (+):<\/strong>Nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
          • Ri\u00eang t\u01b0 (-):<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
          • B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (#):<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i. N\u00f3 cho bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua.<\/p>\n

            L\u1ed7i 4: Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean k\u00e9m \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            T\u00ean l\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. N\u1ebfu t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ean m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0Utils<\/em>, Helpers<\/em>, ho\u1eb7c Main<\/em>.<\/p>\n

            V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: Nh\u00e3n chung chung<\/h3>\n

            M\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0Utils<\/strong>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean k\u00e9m. N\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a code l\u1eb7t v\u1eb7t. Theo th\u1eddi gian, g\u00f3i n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ‘k\u00e9t \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n’ n\u01a1i c\u00e1c logic kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng khi hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

            T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean g\u00f3i theo m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nh\u01b0JDBC<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c HTML<\/strong>, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m tr\u1eeb khi g\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bao \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh doanh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

            S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i: T\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n

            \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Thay v\u00ec:<\/strong> WebUtils<\/em><\/li>\n
            • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> HttpHandlers<\/em> ho\u1eb7c RequestProcessors<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              T\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u00ean PaymentGateway<\/strong>, h\u1ecd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong. S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

              Sai l\u1ea7m 5: Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

              C\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i, bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

              V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: M\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n

              Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u1edbp n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u0129 m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft vi m\u00f4. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n xem thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u1edbp, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

              L\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c nhau trong b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i n\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

              S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa: Gi\u1eef \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/h3>\n

              D\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i cho c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. Ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u00ean g\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con cho n\u00f3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh lu\u00f4n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

              Sai l\u1ea7m 6: Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u23f3<\/h2>\n

              UML linh ho\u1ea1t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng, logic hay h\u00e0nh vi th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda quy tr\u00ecnh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

              V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb logic trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n

              C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c thi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ng\u1ee5 \u00fd \u201cch\u1ea1y c\u00e1i n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1i kia\u201d, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

              S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng trong b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. N\u1ebfu logic thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u00e0nh vi, trong khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

              S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa: Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n

              \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c (M\u0169i t\u00ean g\u1ea1ch):<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u1ea7n g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
              • Li\u00ean k\u1ebft (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n):<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i.<\/li>\n
              • T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a (M\u0169i t\u00ean li\u1ec1n):<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Gi\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi \u1edf c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Chu\u1ed7i hay S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

                B\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \ud83d\udccb<\/h2>\n

                \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                Lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i<\/th>\nD\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o<\/th>\nH\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                \u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft<\/td>\nG\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan<\/td>\nChia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c g\u00f3i theo mi\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i<\/td>\nGi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u giao di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/td>\nT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td>\nGhi ch\u00fa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng khai (+) v\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 (-)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/td>\nT\u00ean m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 Utils<\/em> ho\u1eb7c Main<\/em><\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c g\u00f3i<\/td>\nGi\u1eef s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 chi ti\u1ebft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean ng\u1ee5 \u00fd th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c thi<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u0169i t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e1c minh \ud83e\uddd0<\/h2>\n

                Sau khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 xong, l\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang? X\u00e1c minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua.<\/p>\n

                1. Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/h3>\n

                So s\u00e1nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. M\u1ed7i g\u00f3i trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00f3i trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, v\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m cho \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

                2. Ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n

                Ch\u1ea1y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng “Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/em> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o DataAccess<\/em>, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

                3. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/h3>\n

                H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea5p cao kh\u00e1c xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd theo d\u00f5i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i logic d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, th\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn.<\/p>\n

                K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \ud83c\udfc1<\/h2>\n

                Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 m\u0169i t\u00ean; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

                B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, chu tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m quen cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. C\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c b\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

                T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Khi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean theo. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o giao ti\u1ebfp. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1869,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"L\u1ed7i trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML: C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML. 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H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/uml-package-diagram-mistakes-correction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u1ed7i trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML: C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML. 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