{"id":1870,"date":"2026-04-11T11:52:20","date_gmt":"2026-04-11T11:52:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/how-to-build-uml-package-diagram-tutorial\/"},"modified":"2026-04-11T11:52:20","modified_gmt":"2026-04-11T11:52:20","slug":"how-to-build-uml-package-diagram-tutorial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/how-to-build-uml-package-diagram-tutorial\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 G\u00f3i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

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\"Line<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udcda Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 G\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u1edbp ri\u00eang l\u1ebb hay logic chi ti\u1ebft. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean. M\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • T\u00ednh module:<\/strong>C\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f4-\u0111un kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
  • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \ud83d\udd0d C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n UML. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef sau \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udce6 G\u00f3i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t module ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a. B\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, giao di\u1ec7n, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd17 Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u kia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, g\u00f3i \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft (coupling).<\/p>\n

    \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f Quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp<\/h3>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u00f4ng khai, ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1edfi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u1ea9n \u0111i. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

    Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. M\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic.<\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

    B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> g\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i Kho h\u00e0ng<\/code> g\u00f3i, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n

    Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp x\u1eed l\u00fd x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 g\u00f3iX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/code> g\u00f3i. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n logic truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi logic tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i. T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc<\/h3>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c g\u00f3i con hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, g\u00f3i\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i con choX\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> v\u00e0L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code>. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n

    V\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u0169i t\u00ean chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra g\u00f3i n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. H\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n, n\u01a1i g\u00f3i A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o g\u00f3i B, v\u00e0 g\u00f3i B ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o g\u00f3i A. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, kh\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Tinh ch\u1ec9nh k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

    \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u UML \u0111\u00fang. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tab \u1edf g\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u00ean tr\u00e1i. T\u00ean g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u0169i t\u00ean g\u1ea1ch. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: Xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh<\/h3>\n

    \u0110i qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ea5p cao. Ki\u1ec3m tra xem m\u1ed7i g\u00f3i c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng hay kh\u00f4ng. X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udcca Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h2>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/th>\nK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean g\u1ea1ch<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t g\u00f3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c.<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t g\u00f3i giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n<\/td>\nK\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i.<\/td>\n\u00cdt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/td>\nTam gi\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng<\/td>\nK\u1ebf th\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t module chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t module c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nh\u1eadp<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf v\u1edbi <<import>><\/td>\nC\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng khai l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb.<\/td>\nTruy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ti\u1ec7n \u00edch chung.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \/ M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi <<use>><\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/td>\nC\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \ud83c\udfa8 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin mong mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udccf Gi\u1eef cho \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n

    Tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p s\u00e2u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c g\u00f3i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n ba c\u1ea5p, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p s\u00e2u khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. H\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac hai c\u1ea5p: c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c module ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

    \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/h3>\n

    T\u00ean n\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb cho c\u00e1c g\u00f3i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, B\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/code>) thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, T\u1ea1oB\u00e1oC\u00e1o<\/code>). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh. Vi\u1ebft hoa nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n (PascalCase ho\u1eb7c camelCase) gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udeab T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o nhau<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u00e9o nhau t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c g\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u giao nhau. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e9o nhau, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd0c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 mong manh. Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udce5 C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o<\/h3>\n

    Khi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00f4ng khai t\u1eeb g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c thi, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. N\u00f3 cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng <<import>> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd17 M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 <<use>>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng g\u00f3i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n g\u00f3i cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu g\u00f3i cung c\u1ea5p thay \u0111\u1ed5i giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, g\u00f3i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd04 Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng x\u1ea3y ra khi G\u00f3i A nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o G\u00f3i B, v\u00e0 G\u00f3i B nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o G\u00f3i A. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t giao di\u1ec7n chung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i th\u1ee9 ba.<\/li>\n
    • T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n sao cho m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o g\u00f3i kia.<\/li>\n
    • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e8n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \ud83d\udea8 Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

      Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

      \u274c Qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft. \u0110\u1eebng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1eebng l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u1edbp, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb g\u00f3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft b\u00ean trong. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng quan, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tri\u1ec3n khai chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

      \u274c B\u1ecf qua t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i<\/h3>\n

      Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai b\u00ean trong, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

      \u274c S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u0129nh<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u1eebng coi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1. T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 90% v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udd04 B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n

      Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udcdd \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed7i khi th\u00eam m\u1ed9t module m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea3y ra vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbn, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udce2 Giao ti\u1ebfp<\/h3>\n

      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m. Trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sprint ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7nB\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/code>m\u00f4-\u0111un, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

      \ud83e\udde9 C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00e2ng cao<\/h2>\n

      M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

      \ud83c\udf10 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

      Trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tri\u1ec3n khai ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c API thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh dung lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udd12 C\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt<\/h3>\n

      B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i PublicAPI<\/code> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb internet, trong khi m\u1ed9t InternalCore<\/code> g\u00f3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

      \ud83e\uddea Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/h3>\n

      C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi g\u00f3i, trong khi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i duy nh\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c g\u00f3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udcdd Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

      T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Gi\u1eef k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1871,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[82,93],"class_list":["post-1870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-package-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. 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