{"id":1890,"date":"2026-04-10T04:14:35","date_gmt":"2026-04-10T04:14:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/avoiding-redundancy-uml-package-diagrams\/"},"modified":"2026-04-10T04:14:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T04:14:35","slug":"avoiding-redundancy-uml-package-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/avoiding-redundancy-uml-package-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: Tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1eabn nhau. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo m\u00f4-\u0111un. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u1eaby d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ecb l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 logic m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Chalkboard-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83e\uddd0 Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p g\u00f3i \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y. Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a UML, s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c sao ch\u00e9p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, khi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ho\u1eb7c khi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p l\u00e0m m\u1edd ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c giao di\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do logic r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
  • Tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhau theo c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p trong \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n
  • Tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p t\u00ean g\u1ecdi:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng hai t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    \u26a0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

    1. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3i x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t logic kinh doanh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xem x\u00e9t t\u1eadp trung v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c g\u00f3i m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng:<\/strong> B\u1ea1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u00ean l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong OrderService<\/code> v\u00e0 TransactionHandler<\/code> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
    • Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n:<\/strong> Thi\u1ebfu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eadp trung v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i logic thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1.<\/li>\n
    • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p logic v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i mi\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai n\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i s\u00e2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 l\u1edbn. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. M\u1ed9t g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i anh em, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • R\u1ee7i ro:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/li>\n
      • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i cha s\u1ebd lan truy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c g\u00f3i con.<\/li>\n
      • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> L\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00f3m logic thay v\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. B\u1ecf qua ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n

        Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u00abimport\u00bb<\/code>, \u00abuse\u00bb<\/code>, v\u00e0\u00abaccess\u00bb<\/code>. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i nh\u1eadp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i dung t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u00abimport\u00bb:<\/strong> L\u00e0m cho n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
        • \u00abuse\u00bb:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft b\u00ean trong. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo.<\/li>\n
        • \u00abaccess\u00bb:<\/strong> Cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong. Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \ud83d\udcca So s\u00e1nh: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i T\u1ed1t vs. X\u1ea5u<\/h2>\n

          \u0110\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, h\u00e3y xem b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh<\/th>\n\u274c Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p<\/th>\n\u2705 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/td>\nNhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3i x\u1eed l\u00fd logic x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 m\u1ed9tValidationCore<\/code>g\u00f3i x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          M\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u1eadp v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p gi\u1eefaNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/code> v\u00e0 X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/code> c\u00e1c g\u00f3i.<\/td>\nX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/code> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/code> giao di\u1ec7n; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/code> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/code>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          T\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p s\u00e2u s\u1ebd che gi\u1ea5u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i.<\/td>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1eb3ng cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt logic y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ba t\u1ec7p.<\/td>\nC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt logic y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p ngu\u1ed3n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          T\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i.<\/td>\nC\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

          1. Th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m duy nh\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n

          M\u1ed7i g\u00f3i n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. Khi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00f3i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ed1ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Xem x\u00e9t t\u00ean g\u00f3i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
          • Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m mi\u1ec1n chung kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
          • N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang sang m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            2. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quy \u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean<\/h3>\n

            S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng “com.company.service<\/code> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng com.company.api<\/code> cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn s\u1ebd n\u1ea3y sinh. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t quy \u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
            • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ean g\u00f3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh doanh.<\/li>\n
            • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean trong wiki d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi<\/h3>\n

              C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sao ch\u00e9p. N\u1ebfu g\u00f3i A s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb g\u00f3i B, v\u00e0 g\u00f3i C c\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t logic, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 sao ch\u00e9p l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n trong g\u00f3i B v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00f3. C\u1ea3 g\u00f3i A v\u00e0 C \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o giao di\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai logic.<\/li>\n
              • Cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
              • Gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u sao ch\u00e9p m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                4. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3<\/h3>\n

                S\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p d\u1ea7n n\u1ea3y sinh theo th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n sau s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng b\u1ed5 sung t\u00ednh n\u0103ng. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 n\u00ean \u0111i qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho t\u1eebng li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • H\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao g\u00f3i n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o g\u00f3i kia?\u201d<\/li>\n
                • H\u1ecfi: \u201cG\u00f3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t?\u201d<\/li>\n
                • H\u1ecfi: \u201cM\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, hay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \ud83d\udd0d Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/h2>\n

                  Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra sau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1eabu tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \u2705 Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00f3i tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai g\u00f3i n\u00e0o chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/li>\n
                  • \u2705 Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i.<\/li>\n
                  • \u2705 R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y:<\/strong>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00abimport\u00bb<\/code>ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y.<\/li>\n
                  • \u2705 \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ba \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n m\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
                  • \u2705 Nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p l\u00fd:<\/strong> X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m theo kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m mi\u1ec1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo lo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u00e1nh M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/code> so v\u1edbi Giao di\u1ec7n<\/code> n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n).<\/li>\n
                  • \u2705 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp giao di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
                  • \u2705 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i g\u00f3i n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \ud83d\ude80 C\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u00e2ng cao cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

                    Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a theo. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

                    1. Microservices v\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

                    Trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tri\u1ec3n khai. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sao ch\u00e9p qua c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1eeb khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \u00c1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n
                    • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng API \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
                    • Tr\u00e1nh chia s\u1ebb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      2. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

                      C\u00e1c g\u00f3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a theo th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Duy tr\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u n\u00f3 thay v\u00ec x\u00f3a ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh cho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 \u00abl\u1ed7i th\u1eddi\u00bb<\/code> cho c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u0169.<\/li>\n
                      • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u0169 sang c\u00e1c g\u00f3i m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
                      • L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eef cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00f4n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        3. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t<\/h3>\n

                        B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi g\u00f3i, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng<\/code> g\u00f3i cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
                        • Tham chi\u1ebfu g\u00f3i n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua giao di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
                        • Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c g\u00f3i mi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic kinh doanh duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          \ud83d\udcdd T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n

                          Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u00eam ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p khi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ed3ng nhau s\u00e2u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

                          T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, th\u00ec thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e1n xem m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c qua n\u0103m c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed3ng nhau, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                          H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p s\u1ebd l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p s\u1ebd l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1891,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"L\u1ed7i trong S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 G\u00f3i UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Tr\u00e1nh S\u1ef1 Tr\u00f9ng L\u1eb7p \ud83d\udcd0","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML. N\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[82,93],"class_list":["post-1890","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-package-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u1ed7i trong S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 G\u00f3i UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Tr\u00e1nh S\u1ef1 Tr\u00f9ng L\u1eb7p \ud83d\udcd0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML. N\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/avoiding-redundancy-uml-package-diagrams\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u1ed7i trong S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 G\u00f3i UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Tr\u00e1nh S\u1ef1 Tr\u00f9ng L\u1eb7p \ud83d\udcd0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML. 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