{"id":1892,"date":"2026-04-10T03:32:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-10T03:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/uml-package-diagram-interactions-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-04-10T03:32:00","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T03:32:00","slug":"uml-package-diagram-interactions-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/uml-package-diagram-interactions-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecfi & \u0110\u00e1p: L\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn xung quanh c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c g\u00f3i trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Marker-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udd0d Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u00f3i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n\u2014ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean\u2014nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

\u2753 C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 1: \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n

M\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 y\u1ebfu, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u201d. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra nhu c\u1ea7u truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng:<\/strong> G\u00f3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  • Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p:<\/strong> G\u00f3i cung c\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  • H\u01b0\u1edbng m\u0169i t\u00ean:<\/strong> H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 2: M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n

    S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. G\u00f3i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n g\u00f3i nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp trong G\u00f3i A s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m ti\u1ec7n \u00edch trong G\u00f3i B.<\/li>\n
    • Li\u00ean k\u1ebft:<\/strong>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. G\u00f3i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng gi\u1eef tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3i nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code>g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/code>g\u00f3i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 3: Khi n\u00e0o t\u00f4i n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng (stereotype) cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c?<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng (stereotype) cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. UML chu\u1ea9n cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u00abs\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00bb:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
      • \u00abnh\u1eadp\u00bb:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb g\u00f3i nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh danh.<\/li>\n
      • \u00abtruy c\u1eadp\u00bb:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 4: Li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

        V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u00e9m. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng x\u1ea3y ra khi G\u00f3i A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i B, v\u00e0 G\u00f3i B l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i A. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Trong nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i trung gian \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3 hai g\u00f3i ban \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nhau.<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udd17 So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

        Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. B\u1ea3ng sau t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/th>\nK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th>\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u1edf<\/td>\nKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n (th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n)<\/td>\nK\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac; gi\u1eef tham chi\u1ebfu<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a (K\u1ebf th\u1eeba)<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 tam gi\u00e1c r\u1ed7ng<\/td>\nG\u00f3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00f3 tam gi\u00e1c r\u1ed7ng<\/td>\nG\u00f3i tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Nh\u1eadp<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00f3 tam gi\u00e1c r\u1ed7ng ho\u1eb7c \u00abimport\u00bb<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0a c\u00e1c t\u00ean b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9<\/td>\nCao (\u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Quy t\u1eafc hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp<\/h2>\n

        \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u sai c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ‘\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean’ ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00f4ng khai (+)<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 g\u00f3i n\u00e0o trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. D\u00f9 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00f4ng khai s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • M\u1ecdi g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng khai.<\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb d\u00f9ng cho giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a API.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ri\u00eang t\u01b0 (-)<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong g\u00f3i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
          • D\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (~)<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong g\u00f3i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 g\u00f3i n\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a (k\u1ebf th\u1eeba) g\u00f3i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

            C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 5: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u00abtruy c\u1eadp\u00bb v\u00e0 \u00abnh\u1eadp\u00bb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n

            \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u00abnh\u1eadp\u00bb:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00ean t\u1eeb g\u00f3i cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp trong g\u00f3i cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1.<\/li>\n
            • \u00abtruy c\u1eadp\u00bb:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh (ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1) \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp ch\u00fang. Kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadp<\/strong> gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i m\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u00ean. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng truy c\u1eadp<\/strong> duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean.<\/p>\n

              \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn<\/h2>\n

              Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00f3i t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

              T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/h3>\n

              T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c g\u00f3i theo t\u1ea7ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea3y theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng cao xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • T\u1ea7ng giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng:<\/strong> Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
              • Logic \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Mi\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n
              • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Mi\u1ec1n:<\/strong> Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Tr\u00e1nh cho ph\u00e9p l\u1edbp C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1edbp Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

                C\u1eaft d\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

                Thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ngang, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng c\u1eaft d\u1ecdc. M\u1ed7i mi\u1ebfng c\u1eaft ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • G\u00f3i T\u00ednh n\u0103ng A:<\/strong> Ch\u1ee9a Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, Logic v\u00e0 D\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho T\u00ednh n\u0103ng A.<\/li>\n
                • G\u00f3i T\u00ednh n\u0103ng B:<\/strong> Ch\u1ee9a Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, Logic v\u00e0 D\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho T\u00ednh n\u0103ng B.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p n\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chung kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n

                  C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 6: T\u00f4i x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch chung nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n

                  T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chung, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd, thao t\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o g\u00f3i n\u00e0yChung<\/strong> g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Gi\u1eef g\u00f3i n\u00e0y t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
                  • Kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam logic kinh doanh v\u00e0o g\u00f3i Chung.<\/li>\n
                  • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o g\u00f3i Chung kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kinh doanh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \u26a0\ufe0f L\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n

                    Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u00e0y s\u1edbm s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                    L\u1ed7i 1: Chia nh\u1ecf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

                    T\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n, n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i cho m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp duy nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<\/strong>G\u1ed9p c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp li\u00ean quan l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      L\u1ed7i 2: Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ng\u1ea7m<\/h3>\n

                      C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecf qua m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00ec h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. UML y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu G\u00f3i A s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong G\u00f3i B, h\u00e3y v\u1ebd m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        L\u1ed7i 3: Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

                        Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf tri\u1ec3n khai sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i:<\/strong> T\u00e1ch c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i API<\/strong> g\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i Impl<\/strong> g\u00f3i. G\u00f3i API kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o g\u00f3i Impl.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          \ud83d\udcca Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1\u8026\u5408 (li\u00ean k\u1ebft)<\/h2>\n

                          C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft cao cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 mong manh, trong khi \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cao cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

                          Li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (CBO)<\/h3>\n

                          M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • CBO th\u1ea5p:<\/strong> G\u00f3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/li>\n
                          • CBO cao:<\/strong> G\u00f3i n\u00e0y mong manh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (Ca)<\/h3>\n

                            \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau g\u00f3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o g\u00f3i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cao cho th\u1ea5y g\u00f3i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

                            Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ra (Ce)<\/h3>\n

                            \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau g\u00f3i m\u00e0 g\u00f3i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ra cao cho th\u1ea5y g\u00f3i n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ti\u1ec7n \u00edch.<\/p>\n

                            \ud83d\ude80 C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h2>\n

                            Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i v\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

                            1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/h3>\n

                            \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c h\u1eadu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • core:<\/strong>Logic mi\u1ec1n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/li>\n
                            • service:<\/strong>Logic kinh doanh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
                            • data:<\/strong>B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              2. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/h3>\n

                              S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ghi ch\u00fa ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edcht\u1ea1i sao<\/em>m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

                              3. T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3<\/h3>\n

                              Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. L\u00ean l\u1ecbch xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
                              • C\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p.<\/li>\n
                              • Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                4. Th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/h3>\n

                                S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng G\u00f3i A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i B, th\u00ec k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                                \ud83e\udde9 C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e2ng cao<\/h2>\n

                                \u0110\u00f4i khi, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                                C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 7: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u00edch h\u1ee3p khung ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m?<\/h3>\n

                                Khi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t khung ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c g\u00f3i t\u1eeb khung \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean coi khung ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00abimport\u00bb<\/strong>ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
                                • Gi\u1eef logic kinh doanh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a khung ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n
                                • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a khung ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 8: C\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i th\u00ec sao?<\/h3>\n

                                  Khi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ecbnh phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n trong t\u00ean g\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 1:<\/strong>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
                                  • Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2:<\/strong>C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
                                  • Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 3:<\/strong>C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00e2y gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y khi n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

                                    \ud83d\udcdd T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h2>\n

                                    C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

                                    Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb:<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1eadp m\u1edd:<\/strong> Lu\u00f4n v\u1ebd m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n
                                    • Gi\u1eef m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i.<\/li>\n
                                    • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng (stereotypes):<\/strong>L\u00e0m r\u00f5 lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n nh\u01b0\u00abimport\u00bb<\/code> ho\u1eb7c \u00abaccess\u00bb<\/code>.<\/li>\n
                                    • T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai, ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp.<\/li>\n
                                    • L\u1edbp h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea3y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u1eeb giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ef1c quan, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                      \ud83d\udd0d Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1893,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"\ud83d\udce6 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"L\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c g\u00f3i UML, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[82,93],"class_list":["post-1892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-package-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\n\ud83d\udce6 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c g\u00f3i UML, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng. 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