{"id":1709,"date":"2026-03-26T10:49:01","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T10:49:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vi\/business-rules-to-erd-framework\/"},"modified":"2026-03-26T10:49:01","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T10:49:01","slug":"business-rules-to-erd-framework","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vn\/business-rules-to-erd-framework\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1eeb quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh \u0111\u1ebfn ERD: Khung chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc"},"content":{"rendered":"

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh. Khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean mong manh. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hay n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau, \u201cM\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d<\/em>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, logic n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t khung h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o, c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 th\u00f4ng tin do c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan cung c\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u00edch; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

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  • Quy t\u1eafc c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cM\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ID duy nh\u1ea5t.\u201d\n
  • Quy t\u1eafc th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cC\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean 1000 \u0111\u00f4 la c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao h\u00e0ng.\u201d\n
  • Quy t\u1eafc tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cM\u1ed9t t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng n\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng.\u201d\n
  • Quy t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cT\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao h\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 logic x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \ud83c\udfe2<\/h2>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb trong c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh. Nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

    1.1 Tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng<\/h3>\n

    Xem x\u00e9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n ghi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a. T\u00ecm c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1n l\u1ebb, c\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/em>, C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng<\/em>, Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/em>, v\u00e0 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

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    • Xem x\u00e9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n:<\/strong> Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ecdi danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
    • L\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u201cM\u1ee5c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n
    • Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 danh t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c. \u201c\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, tr\u1eeb khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo d\u00f5i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      1.2 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

      Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

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      • Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
      • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/strong> Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 t\u00ean, ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
      • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n:<\/strong> Ghi ch\u00fa c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1edf l\u1edbp \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Xem x\u00e9t quy t\u1eafc:\u201cM\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

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        • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>Sinh vi\u00ean, Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd.<\/li>\n
        • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>M\u00e3 sinh vi\u00ean, T\u00ean, M\u00e3 kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, \u0110i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1, Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng\u0110i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1<\/em>kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7aSinh vi\u00ean<\/em>hayKh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/em>m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

          B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n

          C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c khi t\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m. T\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

          2.1 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n

          T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb trong c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3mgiao<\/em>, ch\u1ee9a<\/em>, tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng<\/em>, ho\u1eb7c mua<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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          • M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-m\u1ed9t (1:1):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Entiti A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Entiti B. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
          • M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (1:N):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Entiti A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Entiti B. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng ban tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
          • Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (M:N):<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Entiti A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Entiti B. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean tham gia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            2.2 X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u<\/h3>\n

            Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7u).<\/p>\n

            Khi m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh n\u00eau r\u1eb1ng\u201cM\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn\u201d<\/em>, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0L\u01b0\u1ee3c_d\u1ee5ng_B\u1ed9_ph\u1eadn_L\u1eafp_r\u00e1p<\/em>. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3B\u1ed9_ph\u1eadn<\/em> v\u00e0 B\u1ed9_l\u1eafp_r\u00e1p<\/em> c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

            2.3 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn<\/h3>\n

            Cardinality kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; n\u00f3 c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edbp hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

              \n
            • B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
            • T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn:<\/strong> M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb null v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

              B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

              Sau khi b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt; m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a logic kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

              3.1 D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF)<\/h3>\n

              T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh n\u00eau r\u1eb1ng\u201cM\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i\u201d<\/em>, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t duy nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0phone_numbers: '555-1234, 555-5678'<\/code>. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean quan cho c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

              3.2 D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai (2NF)<\/h3>\n

              C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f3a h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfiStudent_ID<\/em> v\u00e0 Course_ID<\/em>, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0Student_Name<\/em>th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd. N\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3ng Sinh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

              3.3 D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba (3NF)<\/h3>\n

              C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfuCity<\/em>ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0oZip_Code<\/em>, v\u00e0Zip_Code<\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7aAddress<\/em>, th\u00ecCity<\/em>th\u00ec City n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Address ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Zip_Code li\u00ean k\u1ebft, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

              B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: X\u00e1c minh M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh theo C\u00e1c Quy t\u1eafc \u2705<\/h2>\n

              Sau khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh ban \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Lo\u1ea1i quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh<\/th>\nTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ERD<\/th>\nKi\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c minh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
              R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\nKh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh \/ Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c duy nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\nM\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>\nR\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c Kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed7ng<\/td>\nC\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nR\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra \/ Ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nC\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kinh doanh mong \u0111\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/td>\nTh\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/td>\nC\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 M:N \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 1:N ch\u01b0a?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/td>\nThu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\nC\u00e1c ng\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              Xem x\u00e9t b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc n\u00eau r\u1eb1ng “Gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m”“Gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m”<\/em>, ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c minh s\u1ebd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu quy t\u1eafc n\u00eau r\u1eb1ng “M\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c”“M\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c”<\/em>, ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

              Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt \ud83d\udea7<\/h2>\n

              Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c:<\/strong>Chia nh\u1ecf b\u1ea3ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u1ed1i (join) qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n. C\u1ea7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
              • Thi\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
              • Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 1:1:<\/strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 1:1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng duy nh\u1ea5t khi ch\u00fang n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
              • B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c x\u00f3a m\u1ec1m:<\/strong>C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9tis_active<\/code>c\u1edd ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
              • Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i\u201d) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 khi n\u00f3 n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ki\u1ec3u li\u1ec7t k\u00ea.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

                5.1 Duy tr\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • T\u00ean b\u1ea3ng:<\/strong>Quy \u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1 \u00edt ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n
                • T\u00ean c\u1ed9t:<\/strong>C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: customer_id<\/code> so v\u1edbi cust_id<\/code>).<\/li>\n
                • Ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>S\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean, Varchars, Ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng, v.v.<\/li>\n
                • \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kinh doanh:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec.<\/li>\n
                • R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  5.2 Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

                  Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i h\u1ed3i quy, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                  Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

                  Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh sang s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c then ch\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

                  Khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc, c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c minh \u1edf m\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

                  B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 khung n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i b\u1eaby ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00f4ng tin theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

                  T\u00f3m t\u1eaft khung ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \ud83d\udccb<\/h2>\n
                    \n
                  • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n
                  • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong> Tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t danh t\u1eeb cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb cho c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
                  • K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n
                  • Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong> \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng 1NF, 2NF v\u00e0 3NF \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p.<\/li>\n
                  • X\u00e1c minh:<\/strong> So s\u00e1nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
                  • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a:<\/strong> Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh logic v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1710,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"T\u1eeb quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh \u0111\u1ebfn ERD: Khung thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t khung k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[82,85],"class_list":["post-1709","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-erd","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u1eeb quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh \u0111\u1ebfn ERD: Khung thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. 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