{"id":1987,"date":"2026-04-15T00:18:10","date_gmt":"2026-04-15T00:18:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vn\/troubleshooting-messy-uml-package-diagram\/"},"modified":"2026-04-15T00:18:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T00:18:10","slug":"troubleshooting-messy-uml-package-diagram","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vn\/troubleshooting-messy-uml-package-diagram\/","title":{"rendered":"X\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1: Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u00f4ng l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. \u1ede trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n, giao nhau v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch n\u1eefa m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n l\u00e0m che m\u1edd logic c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

T\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 thi\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n giao ti\u1ebfp. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

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  • Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edbi:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Khi m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00f3i n\u00e0o s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong>N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, m\u00f4-\u0111un v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e3 v\u00e0o g\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac suy gi\u1ea3m nhanh h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 cho m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n \ud83d\udd75\ufe0f\u200d\u2642\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec sai cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n tr\u1ef1c quan. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho th\u1ea5y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/p>\n

    1. Giao c\u1eaft qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u26d3\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

    Khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c giao nhau th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u201cm\u00ec \u1ed1ng\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1eeb g\u00f3i n\u00e0y sang g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n thay v\u00ec logic.<\/p>\n

    2. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n \ud83d\udce6<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c g\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi tr\u1ef1c quan ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n l\u00ean nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y logic nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Khi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed n\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4-\u0111un n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

    3. \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 “utils<\/code>” trong khi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 “UtilityFunctions<\/code>. C\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb trong quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

    4. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ed3ng s\u00e2u qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

    N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5p qua n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1u c\u1ea5p th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y che gi\u1ea5u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    5. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn \ud83d\udcc9<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00f3i chung n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n h\u1ec7 c\u1ea5p cao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xem s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1ea3y ra do ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

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    • Th\u00eam t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong>C\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o khi m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m theo c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
    • Thi\u1ebfu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean hay h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n
    • B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o v\u00e0 th\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/li>\n
    • Ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ecb m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n
    • B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00f3i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \ud83e\uddf9<\/h2>\n

      Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y n\u00eau ra c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

      1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng \ud83c\udfe2<\/h3>\n

      H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u00e2n theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng. H\u00e3y t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

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      • T\u1ea7ng giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi API b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
      • T\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 logic nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
      • T\u1ea7ng mi\u1ec1n:<\/strong>Ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/li>\n
      • T\u1ea7ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng:<\/strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ec7p v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u00e3y s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u ngang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1ec5 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

        2. H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf \ud83d\udce6<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u1eebng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i m\u1edbi cho t\u1eebng h\u00e0m ti\u1ec7n \u00edch ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a hai l\u1edbp, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i cha li\u00ean quan. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng. H\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

        3. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

        X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c namespace.<\/li>\n
        • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 cho c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: “api_<\/code>, core_<\/code>).<\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng quy t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 \u00edt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          4. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u1ea1m vi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83c\udfaf<\/h3>\n

          \u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u1ed3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. H\u00e3y t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • T\u1ed5ng quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u1ea5p cao.<\/li>\n
          • Chi ti\u1ebft ph\u00e2n h\u1ec7:<\/strong> \u0110i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 m\u00f4-\u0111un X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n
          • G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn t\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan cho ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

            Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u26d3\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eaft nhau s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

            1. Bu\u1ed9c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u2b06\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chung n\u00ean ch\u1ea3y theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u00ean. N\u1ebfu l\u1edbp H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1edbp Giao di\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

            2. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u so v\u1edbi S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \ud83d\udccc<\/h3>\n

            UML ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n):<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
            • Nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean):<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y cho vi\u1ec7c bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ean. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
            • Li\u00ean k\u1ebft (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n):<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00f4ng d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

              3. Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c li\u00ean quan \ud83e\udde9<\/h3>\n

              N\u1ebfu G\u00f3i A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i B, G\u00f3i C v\u00e0 G\u00f3i D, v\u00e0 ba g\u00f3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f4i khi, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i “C\u1ea7u” \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eaft ngang s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

              4. X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

              C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p x\u1ea3y ra khi G\u00f3i A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i B, v\u00e0 G\u00f3i B ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o G\u00f3i A. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o trong m\u00e3. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • T\u00e1ch giao di\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng chung ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp tr\u1eeb t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i th\u1ee9 ba.<\/li>\n
              • \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n
              • T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft hai chi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                So s\u00e1nh: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 S\u1ea1ch vs. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 R\u1ed1i r\u1eafm \ud83d\udccb<\/h2>\n

                Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 R\u1ed1i r\u1eafm \u274c<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 S\u1ea1ch \u2705<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                Giao c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nT\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t cao, h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00f3i<\/td>\n\u0110a d\u1ea1ng, nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3i nh\u1ecf<\/td>\nNh\u00f3m nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/td>\nChu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/td>\nV\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, hai chi\u1ec1u<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00f3ng to v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Tr\u1eeb t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a<\/td>\nTr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft<\/td>\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eeb t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                1. L\u00ean l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \ud83d\udcc5<\/h3>\n

                H\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 sprint ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ecf trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u00ean k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nh\u1ecf trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

                2. T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a wherever c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \ud83e\udd16<\/h3>\n

                Nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1eebng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o th\u1ea3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng cho t\u1eebng g\u00f3i m\u1edbi. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic.<\/p>\n

                3. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \ud83d\udcc2<\/h3>\n

                H\u00e3y coi t\u1ec7p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Cam k\u1ebft c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c n\u1ebfu n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

                4. Th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00f4ng qua m\u00e3 \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

                N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3.<\/p>\n

                Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea1m b\u1eaby ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                Khi b\u1ea1n d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a:<\/strong>Th\u00eam ghi ch\u00fa v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. \u0110\u01b0a chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy c\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n
                • C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xem t\u0129nh:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y n\u0103m n\u0103m. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
                • B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng (giao di\u1ec7n) m\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i cung c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n
                • B\u1ecf qua ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong>V\u1ebd m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao. H\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u2705<\/h2>\n

                  Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y ch\u1ea1y n\u00f3 qua danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong>X\u00f3a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 g\u00f3i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u1eeba th\u00e3i.<\/li>\n
                  • Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft hoa v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
                  • C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tham chi\u1ebfu v\u00f2ng.<\/li>\n
                  • B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u00f3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eaft nhau kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                  • M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                  • C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong>Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \ud83c\udf93<\/h2>\n

                    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd khi ch\u00fang r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e2y b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                    H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang g\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp theo. Nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u1ed9ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1988,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng? H\u00e3y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[82,93],"class_list":["post-1987","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-package-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng? 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