{"id":1991,"date":"2026-03-26T10:19:33","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T10:19:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vn\/avoiding-pitfalls-common-mistakes-use-case-diagram-design\/"},"modified":"2026-03-26T10:19:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T10:19:33","slug":"avoiding-pitfalls-common-mistakes-use-case-diagram-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.go-diagram.com\/vn\/avoiding-pitfalls-common-mistakes-use-case-diagram-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u00e1nh Nh\u1eefng R\u1ee7i Ro: Nh\u1eefng Sai L\u1ea7m Th\u01b0\u1eddng G\u1eb7p Trong Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf Bi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ed3 Use Case"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ch\u00fang c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1eaby ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u00e9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (scope creep) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83e\udd14 Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Use Case<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec?\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng (flowchart) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (state machine). N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 (actors).<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm v\u00e0 k\u00e9m h\u1eefu \u00edch. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00fa nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t. M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

\ud83d\udc65 Sai l\u1ea7m 1: Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa Vai tr\u00f2 (Actor) v\u00e0 Vai tr\u00f2 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Actor (Vai tr\u00f2). M\u1ed9t Actor \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 do m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

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  • Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi so v\u1edbi Vai tr\u00f2:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eebng g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n m\u1ed9t Actor l\u00e0 \u201cJohn Doe\u201d. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vai tr\u00f2, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cQu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean\u201d. Vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i danh t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n
  • H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Actor. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n, th\u00ec c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Actor b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Actor.<\/li>\n
  • Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng:<\/strong>Trong c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n IoT, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Actor. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00ec thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi m\u1ed9t Actor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a sai, ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u1ed1n d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udea7 Sai l\u1ea7m 2: Kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 Ranh gi\u1edbi H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n

    Ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 khung bao quanh c\u00e1c Use Case. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u00ean trong khung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 v\u1ebd ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf s\u00f3t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cScope Creep\u201d (ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

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    • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi Use Case \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u00ean trong khung. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t Use Case n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Actor.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong>Ranh gi\u1edbi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n giao di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
    • S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ranh gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c quan n\u01a1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 Actor b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e0 Use Case \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd Thanh to\u00e1n\u201d n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i khung h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n, m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1eed l\u00fd cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi API, th\u00ec Use Case \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e1n logic cho \u0111\u00fang l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udd17 Sai l\u1ea7m 3: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai c\u00e1c M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh logic c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 Association (Li\u00ean k\u1ebft), Include (Bao g\u1ed3m) v\u00e0 Extend (M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng) l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

      Association (Li\u00ean k\u1ebft) so v\u1edbi Giao ti\u1ebfp<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed9t Association \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa Actor v\u00e0 Use Case. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Actor kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o Use Case ho\u1eb7c Use Case g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn Actor. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

      M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Include (Bao g\u1ed3m)<\/h3>\n

      D\u1ea5u <M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 <<include>> cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t use case t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t use case kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. N\u1ebfu use case g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi, th\u00ec use case \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong nhi\u1ec1u use case.<\/include><\/p>\n

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      • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>\u201c\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong \u201c\u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cXem h\u1ed3 s\u01a1\u201d. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra.<\/li>\n
      • Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <<> cho h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c logic ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh.<\/include><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 <<extend>><\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 <<> cho th\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Use case g\u1ed1c v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n use case m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Use case m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho use case g\u1ed1c.<\/extend><\/p>\n

          \n
        • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>\u201cT\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o\u201d l\u00e0 use case g\u1ed1c. \u201cG\u1eedi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o qua email\u201d l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi qua email l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n
        • H\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong>M\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb use case m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn use case g\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3n tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \ud83d\udcdd Sai l\u1ea7m 4: Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean k\u00e9m<\/h2>\n

          Nh\u00e3n tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u00ean Use Case n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-danh t\u1eeb nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-Danh t\u1eeb:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi t\u00ean use case n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. \u201cXem b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n\u201d t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u201cB\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.\u201d \u201cG\u1eedi bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu\u201d t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u201cBi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
          • T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201c\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp\u201d \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i, \u0111\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n sang \u201c\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp\u201d \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
          • M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00ean qu\u00e1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u201cL\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u201cL\u01b0u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u\u201d l\u00e0 t\u00ean use case \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n
          • T\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai use case n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng t\u00ean. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \ud83e\udde9 Sai l\u1ea7m 5: \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

            \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c use case. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

            Qu\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t (Macro)<\/h3>\n

            Khi c\u00e1c use case qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u00fd ngh\u0129a. M\u1ed9t use case c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u201d l\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n

            Qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft (Micro)<\/h3>\n

            Khi c\u00e1c use case qu\u00e1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c c\u00fa nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t. M\u1ed9t use case c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cNh\u1ea5n n\u00fat A\u201d l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 che khu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh doanh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

            \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u201cM\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

            \ud83d\udcca B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            C\u1ea1m b\u1eaby<\/strong><\/th>\nC\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn sai<\/strong><\/th>\nC\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a vai tr\u00f2<\/td>\nG\u00e1n nh\u00e3n cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cAlice\u201d)<\/td>\nG\u00e1n nh\u00e3n cho m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd\u201d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\nC\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu khung<\/td>\nKhung r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t bao b\u1ecdc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Include cho c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Extend cho c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, Include cho c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o\u201d)<\/td>\nC\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb – danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cT\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o\u201d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft<\/td>\nC\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t tr\u00ean giao di\u1ec7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cNh\u1ea5p L\u01b0u\u201d)<\/td>\nM\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cL\u01b0u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u\u201d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nB\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba<\/td>\nXem API\/D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \ud83d\udd0d Sai l\u1ea7m 6: B\u1ecf qua \u201cT\u1ea1i sao\u201d (X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c)<\/h2>\n

            M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00fa ph\u00e1p (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, khung, nh\u00e3n) v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111i qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i \u0111i qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong>Xem x\u00e9t t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh.<\/li>\n
            • C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu:<\/strong>H\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan xem c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
            • Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 trong v\u00f2ng 15 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n
            • V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i:<\/strong>H\u00e3y coi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt n\u00f3 khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, thay v\u00ec xem n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u0129nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h2>\n

              Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 theo th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o, v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

              T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

              \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n sang k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

              Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n

              M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ef1c quan, vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ID y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t. T\u00ednh truy v\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng khi m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

              Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n

              Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

              \ud83d\udd04 Sai l\u1ea7m 7: B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng thay th\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng l\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

              N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch\u201d, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu giao d\u1ecbch th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 logic x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n), nh\u01b0ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed7i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>H\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc xem c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i hay kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i thanh to\u00e1n\u201d.<\/li>\n
              • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau l\u1ed7i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
              • Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \ud83d\ude80 Ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n

                Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

                T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Gi\u1eef cho t\u00ean g\u1ecdi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u00e1c minh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh. Khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

                H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u b\u1edfi nh\u00f3m, th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

                Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y. Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. H\u00e3y c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n lu\u00f4n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, gi\u00e0u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u00e3y \u01b0u ti\u00ean tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ch\u00fang c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1992,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng & c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a UML.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[82,90],"class_list":["post-1991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-use-case-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nNh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng & c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. 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